Sample Comparison Essay Topics

Sample Comparison Essay TopicsThere are hundreds of sample comparison essay topics available on the Internet. It's the most convenient way to search for the best sample assignment and learn how to write a good and suitable essay. The majority of these samples are free or only cost a couple of dollars, depending on the size of the sample and its purpose.Sample essay topics are similar to notes from the student's school. They help the student prepare for his or her final year assessment or admissions test. Many other students are searching for their first college essays, while others will be choosing a career after their studies. Having a few sample topics in hand is a great way to gather information about the sample assignment.Sample essay topics are written by instructors or professors. These individuals are assigned to take the students to the next level of academic achievements. This assignment gives students a chance to improve their writing skills, improve their reading and compr ehension skills, develop a better vocabulary, find out what would appeal to their audience, be creative, and get all kinds of information out of the topic. The format of the essay is also different depending on the type of students being tested. So, it is important that the essay is written in such a way that it will be accepted by the faculty member or teacher.It can be difficult to choose the right subject matter for the assignment. It is best to use an essay topic or topics which may interest students. These sample essay topics are written by the senior students in the college, and they are approved by the college.There are hundreds of sample comparison essay topics. Some are in newspaper style, but the most common are on a blog. These blog sites allow the students to earn points by giving out tips and knowledge. These topics are chosen because students will be submitting their essays to the web, in which blogs are commonly read by millions of people at any given time.The assignm ent can be easy or complicated, depending on the students' talent and skill. The student must learn to hone his or her writing skills, or the school will not accept the essay and thus lose the opportunity of learning and growing as a writer. These courses help the students understand the skills they need to master for completing this project, so that they will have an effective writing ability and an appealing essay.The most important thing about sample comparison essay topics is that they come with helpful tips that students can use when writing an essay. That is why they are used by students who have no formal education in writing, but would want to hone their writing skills.

The Ancient City Of Pompeii Is Best Known For Being Covered By An Erup

The ancient city of Pompeii is best known for being covered by an erupting volcano and being almost forgotten. From the time the city was rediscovered in the 1700s scientists and archeologists have managed to piece together evidence to show not just how people died but how they lived. We now know that before the eruption of Mt Vesuvius on August 24 79 AD Pompeii was a resort town. From the remains of Pompeii scholars have deducted the socioeconomic, religious and political life of Pompeii's last inhabitants. Pompeii was a city where women declared themselves the equal of men. Women could own land, operate businesses, be priestesses and were often educated. Despite these equalities Pompeiian women were still mostly owned by men and from birth knew their position. New born boys were placed at the father's feet while newborn girls were given straight to the nurse. Most girls were bought up by their mothers at home learning weaving and other domestic skills. Upper-class girls however were taught to read and write either at school or at home by slave tutors. It was believed by some that educated women made better wives and mothers. Literacy amongst the upper class (both women and men) was a symbol of status and respect. One of the most famous Pompeiian artifacts the fresco of the merchant Terentius Neo and his wife, depicts her holding a wax tablet and a stylus. Girls were considered grown up by the age of 14 when marriages were usually arranged by their family with the objective of uniting good families. At this time a woman would leave her father's ownership and become the property of her husband. As many women as possible were kept married and bearing children. Women were expected to be married by the age of 20 and it was law to remarry after the death of ones husband. As at this time in Roman history there were fewer females than males so women could marry and remarry with ease. A woman's major role was to be a good wife and mother. Motherhood was considered the esteemed occupation. In Pompeii women often entered into a business partnership with their husbands. They were allowed to keep profits themselves. It was common for a widow to take over her husband's business. Wives of traders and craftsmen often ran the front of the shop while their husbands made the products or dealt with other aspects of the business. Women could own property and could decide how to administer it. Julia Felix is an example of an independent woman who inherited a large fortune in her own right. Tablets found at Herculaneum (a smaller city destroyed by the same eruption) show that women could buy sell and lease but were not allowed to become bankers. Women in Pompeii worked in, owned and operated many of the taverns, inns and bars, which often served as brothels a topic I will cover later. (more detail) Archeologists have uncovered written evidence recording the role of women in the medical profession. These women's status was recognised by law and their fees were regulated. Many women worked in this profession as midwives, physicians and doctors. Records have also been found mentioning husband and wife medical teams. As Pompeii had a large foreign trade it is not suprising that women from the East came to Pompeii selling luxury items such as dyes, perfumes, clothes and food stuffs. Lower class women also worked in the trades. Some worked independently sewing and mending garments, while others worked as bakery assistants or in the fulling mills. However the status of these women was low like their pay rate. Like in most places female slaves existed in Pompeii. These women performed a wide range of tasks depending on the owner's needs. Apart from household duties some of these slave women operated as nannies or wet nurses while others managed their owner's businesses or worked as labourers. Wealthy women had their own personal attendants which was another duty of these slaves. Eumachia was Pompeii's most prominent woman . She came from a wealthy and respected family and rose to hold a position of unusual importance as a priestess. She was also patroness of the fuller's guild (cleaners, dyers and clothing makers).

Marketing plan for Unilever Company

Marketing plan for Unilever Company Purpose of the plan The purpose of this marketing plan will be to evaluate the existing retail market strategy for Unilever Company and compare it to the rivals’ strategies. The marketing plan will also be designed after investigating the current trends and developments existing in the retail sector.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Marketing plan for Unilever Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Situational Analysis Target market (of current products) The company products prices are easily affordable to all classes of customers since the company uses a value pricing strategy across all the regions where its branches are found. In terms of the products offered, the company boasts of a multi-brand system where the brand names are known by their positive reputation of being high quality products and thus easier to reach a higher market pool than the rivals(Jones 2002). Distribution network The company ha s a well established distribution network in the more than a 100 countries where the company has invested in. This is very helpful since it helps the customers in accessing company products. Competition The completion Unilever company is facing shall be analyzed in the porters 5 keys of competition (Porter 1988) The Threat from New Entrants: (Low) The products offered by Unilever such as the food and personal care require high capital investment to penetrate the market in relation to the established distribution channels which enables to compete effectively. With the company having branches in more than 100 countries and its ability to design its products according to the customers’ needs, reduces any notable threat from new market entrants. Threat of Substitutes (High) With the emphasis on health eating being at its prime, consumers have been turning to other alternatives such as low carbohydrate and calorie diets as a result making the substitutes threat very high. Bargaini ng Power of Suppliers (Low) This has been low due to the fact that Unilever has a very big and well known business unit, which cannot be forced to change (or influenced in any way in their decision making) by other suppliers.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bargaining Powers of Suppliers (High) The customers, especially those who live in the European Union region, keep on demanding new products and improved features and also diversity in the product prices offered. As a result, the company has been forced to develop new products such as the slimming products. Competition (High) The company faces high competition from companies such as the Novartis, Nestle and DANONE (Neff 2010). As a result, this has forced the company to restructure its program which was aimed at cutting the old portfolio of 1600 brands down to the major 400 core brands. The above rivals are producing similar products to what Unilever and hence the high competition. Financial conditions The company enjoys vast investments almost in every corner of the world as a result currently the financial conditions for Unilever can be described as stable External forces Political The company operates literally everywhere in the world both in the developed and the less developed economies where political situations are stable and chances of market interference by governments of the countries are very minimal thus they cannot control how Unilever markets its products. To reduce chances of political interference, the company uses its experience and goodwill to make contacts in many countries bargaining with the governments so as to modify the regulations and as a result, Unilever has gained political ground using its tactical strategy and experience helping in creation of favourable business environment and increasing their market share in the long run. Economic With the European coun tries under the umbrella of the European Union using one currency (the Euro), the whole of the European market has been transformed to a single market as a result this has led to an increased market for the company products. The single currency has also played a big role in stabilizing the inflation rates within the region and as a result Unilever Company enjoys stable prices throughout the region.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Marketing plan for Unilever Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technological The firm’s intention is not only to maximize wealth but also anticipates the aspirations of its consumers in order for them to respond creatively and competitively. As other firms automate their systems Unilever has not been left behind and of late the company has been putting much effort on research and development and also launching of modified products so as to satisfy all the stakeholders (Ide a Connection ND). This works well with ensuring the customers are aware of what content the products they buy from Unilever have thus creating reassurance that if the qualities of the good are overlooked, they can always contact the company offices and raise their issues. Summary of situational analysis (SWOT Table) Strengths Leads in most of the food products it offers in the market products such as soups, tea, and cream. Leads in producing and supplying frozen food products in Europe. Leads in producing and selling multiple brands. Possesses the art of producing customer made products that suit their customers completely. Observation and adherence to customers’ needs and desires. The company enjoys good diversity of nationalities as the company has invested almost everywhere in the world. The large range of the products ensures that the customers remain flocking all year out. The company’s liquid tablets for laundry purposes as well as fabric soft eners prevent lime scale when used in stem irons and this has been a major strong point. Increasing market share in the Latin America region, Africa and the Middle East regions. Weaknesses Slump demand from the American region. Company products: the frozen foods, prestige perfume and other household care have been underperforming way below the set targets. The lagging divisions have been affecting the sales growth for the Unilever 400 leading brands. Declining market share for the slim products as people become more health sensitive. Threats from other rivals such as Marks Spencer and Sainsbury (Emmo Dave 2007) Opportunities With consumers changing tastes, the company can change their market segments to a more health-conscious group especially women who can afford to buy the products. Opportunities for market development in the developing countries. They are also high penetrating opportunities in the Latin America region. Adoption of new technologies will aid in easier financial and customer management(IBM 2006) Threats Stiff competition from other rivals in the industry especially the DANONE, Marks and Spencer and also from Sainsbury. Consumer loss of confidence and trust in Unilever products. Many prefer reduced fats and exercises (Unilever 2011). The retailers (subsidiaries) don’t stock enough products (Clarke 2011) Segmentation, targeting, positioning Segmentation refers to the process of dividing a heterogeneous market and breaking it into smaller homogenous segments where members of a certain group correspond to certain needs. Targeting on the other hand is the identifiable group at which a company such as Unilever directs its efforts towards satisfying the clients (Wedel Kamakura 2000). Strategies have thus been developed for each target market by combining the four elements of marketing to make a successful market mix. The company has been targeting households for home care products as well as health sen sitive individuals. Positioning is usually determined in order for the customers to know where the product stands in relation to other rival products. Unilever has positioned themselves as foods and personal care producers with the company positioning itself as a high quality and pocket friendly products producing company. Marketing Strategy Corporate objectives To regain and control the market leadership for the next decade. Regain the stockholder as well as consumer confidence. To make the management more internationalized. Marketing Objectives To create sustainable profitable growth and value for shareholders by increasing the profits by 5% To boost the sales and the margins through a growth strategy by 7.5% To increase spending on advertising the 300 out of 400 core products by allocating marketing budget of 5000 million pounds To increase the market share and maintain leadership in the company’s core product by ensuring and creating customer loyalty and producing prod ucts which meet specific customers in the market. Financial Objectives Increase Unilever marketing funding by 50% over the next two financial years. Increase Unilever capital funding by 5% in next year’s budget and at least 5% each year after that. Societal Objectives To improve the society perception of our products To provide more healthy products in order to maintain our loyal customers To sponsors games and other sporting events in order to closer to our customers and know they feel about our products. Programs The company products touch the lives of many people throughout the world. In nutrition themes, Unilever has of late been recognized on helping their shoppers make a strong choice by enhancing the dietary quality of their products, through intensifying the consumer choice and offering vivid information to their customers.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The efforts have been witnessed in the past such as the introduction of the Nutrition Enhancement Program introduced in 2005 which has enhanced the company achieve the internationally accepted guidelines for nutrition content such as fats, salts and sugar content. With the Food and Agriculture Organization predicting increased populations of undernourished people, the company has in response introduced products which check into malnutrition problems for example the Rama/Blue Band which contains vitamins A and D and the Annapurna salt which is iodized reducing goitre related problems. Target market Marketing touches every aspect of an entrepreneur’s business operation. It is usually a series of activities designed to identify what the customers really want or are looking for in your good or service. The company will target both the middle and the lower classes by offering the products at low prices (Kleiner Adams 2003). Product Product is a bundle of benefits being delivered to meet the needs of our customers (Tronstad 1995). Product policies are concerned with what Unilever should do in their new product and brand development. Branding is part of the actual product and is usually an important issue when considering the product strategy. Branding is usually used to give company products unique identities and helps the marketer to differentiate their product from those of competitors (Rosenzweig 2000). Unilever will use this branding strategy because its name is already established worldwide. The launch costs of new products will be low and the brand loyal customers are likely to try the branded new products. Promotion Promotion entails all the tools we shall use in order to communicate with our customers. They include advertising, sales promotions, direct marketing and public relations among others. In all these, there exist two promotion strategies: the pull or the push strategy (Nitschke ND). Unilever will use the pull strategy whereby the company wil l promote its products to the final customers by encouraging them to buy. As a result, the consumers will be encouraged to demand the products from their intermediaries. Distribution Place simply refers to the means through which our product will reach the consumer (Kotler 2000). It involves the distribution activities which are necessary in getting a product to a customer. With the established distribution centres, Unilever will seek to introduce smaller branches within the countries where the company has introduced subsidiaries as well as introducing new market openings in new areas. Pricing Price is usually the amount our customers will be willing to pay in order to access our product this value comes along (Ellickson Misra 2006). In today’s market place, Unilever will continue using the high quality low price strategy to ensure that the company retains its market share. Financial plan (Determining) The marketing budget Projected costs, revenues and sales forecasts ite m Cost in US Dollars Material costs 2500000 labor costs 6500000 overhead costs 5200000 Advertising costs 350000 promotions 500000 Networking 100000 15150000 Anticipated profits After implementing the business plan, we expect that the company will make profits of 10 billion dollars in the first quarter though the operating costs are expected to increase and the economy to remain sluggish. Implementation Process Measures for measuring performance Using the balance score method, Unilever will be able to control four perspectives of marketing: from the financial perspective, if the company is to meet the objectives, it will be required to monitor and measure all the profits margin sales and other goals through management of the objectives. Thus, the company will be required to measure the profitability of its products according to the region. The desired increase in shareholders’ value will be easily measured through dividends. From the customer perspective, the critical success factors will be measured by making sure they observe the consumer satisfaction index and also by analyzing the problems presented by the consumers. The internal perspective to be measured is the efficiency: this will be done by controlling marketing aspects such as sales force efficiency as well as advertising efficiency. Finally, the last perspective which Unilever can check how the implementation is going on is though the strategic control; this will require the company taking the initiative to critically review the overall marketing and corporate objectives (Martin ND). Implementation procedure If the analysis of our market mixes strategies show that implementation of such measures will aid to the growth of the company, we shall then implement our marketing plan into two phases: Phase one will involve implementing our marketing plan in the European region where the market is stable compared to the other places in Africa, Latin America and Middle East regions. Af ter implementing it fully, if any modifications are required we shall then modify the marketing plan before we can implement it in the other regions. All implementation activities will be planned and scheduled by using a Gantt chart as this will help in monitoring and controlling what has been done and what will have remained (Bunin 2008) Market penetration To penetrate the new markets, Unilever will use the low pricing high quality strategy in order to attract the low class and middle classes in all the regions that the company has established its subsidiaries. To increase the volume of sales the company must ensure that the goods remain of high quality to ensure the customers continue deriving maximum utility. Market development Service program development The company also gives back to the society through its employees. They have introduced the (Lamplighter) program which permits its employees to gauge and track the important aspects of their health (such as blood pressure). In r eturn a healthy workforce for Unilever translates into more friendly and consumer engaged employees. Diversification The company has a wide range of frozen foods, tea, laundry soaps and ice creams among other products. It is also dedicated at providing its customers with the best information about food and nutrition in order to help them make sound decisions when purchasing the company products. About holding promotions, the company has been advertising fully in the internet due to the huge market pool it holds with much interest given on high quality and value. Another market aspect which Unilever has been able to use is the distribution system in which the company distributes its products through their intermediaries throughout the world in every location where their branches are located (Clarke 2011). Reference List Bunin, R.B. 2008. New Perspectives on Microsoft Project 2007: Introductory. London, Cengage Learning. Clarke, F. 2011. Unilever, Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Rio Ice Cream Wars . [Online] Available at: http://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/rio-business/unilever-and-nestle%E2%80%99s-rio-ice-cream-wars/ . Ellickson, P. B., Misra, S., 2006. Supermarket Pricing Strategies. [Online] Available at: gsb.stanford.edu/facseminars/pdfs/2006_11-17_Ellickson.pdf . Emmo, M., and Dave, D. 2007. Looking Good, Feeling Good and Getting More Out of Life. [Online] Available at: unilever.com/images/iv-icn09_Vitality-symposium-proceedings_tcm13-189850_tcm13-189850.pdf. Idea Connection. Not Dated. Unilever uses Collaboration to Develop Clean Water Solution. [Online] Available at: ideaconnection.com/open-innovation-success/Unilever-uses-Collaboration-to-Develop-Clean-Water-So-00172.html. Jones, G. 2002. Unilever- a Case Study. [Online] available at: http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/3212.html. Kleiner, E., Abrams, R. 2003. The Successful Business Plan: Secrets Strategies. 4th Edition. London, The Planning Shop Kotler, P. 2000. Marketing Management. New York, Prentice Hall International , Millennium edition IBM. 2006. Unilever Europe Improves Retail Execution And Trade Promotions Efficiency With IBM. [Online] available from; http://www-304.ibm.com/easyaccess/fileserve?contentid=75673 . Martin, J.R. Not Dated. Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton. 1992. The Balanced Scorecard Measures That Drive Performance. Harvard Business Review (January-February): 71-79. [Online] Available at: http://maaw.info/ArticleSummaries/ArtSumKaplanNorton92.htm . Neff, J. 2010. Why Execs at Some of PGs Fiercest Rivals Hold Its Stock: Package-Goods Giants Alums Are Increasingly Cropping Up at Competitors. [Online] Available at: http://adage.com/article/news/p-g-alums-crop-rivals-unilever-estee-lauder-lvmh/143612/. Nitischke, R., Not Dated. The 5Ps of marketing: Arago Partners LLC. [Online] Available from: aragopartnersllc.com/documents/The5PsofMarketing.pdf . Rosenzweig, S. 2000. Smart Marketing: What Big Companies Practice and You Should Learn about Marketing, Branding and Business Development . 2nd Edition. London, Emery Publishing Company. Tronstad, R., 1995. Product Position. [Online] Available at: http://ag.arizona.edu/arec/pubs/dmkt/PRODUCT.pdf . Porter, M.E. 1998. Competitive Advantage: Creating And Sustaining Superior Performance: With A New Introduction. New York, Simon and Schuster Publishers. Unilever. 2000. Unilever. International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 32. St. James Press. [Online] Available at: fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Unilever-Company-History.html . Unilever. 2011. Millions Of people all over the world have lost weight wit SlimFast. [Online] Available at: unilever.com/brands/foodbrands/slim-fast/index.aspx . Wedel, M., and Kamakura, W.A. 2000. Market Segmentation: Conceptual And Methodological Foundations. 2nd Edition. New York, Springer Publishers.

Newspaper Industry Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Newspaper Industry Analysis - Essay Example However, the effects of the internet are variant and do not affect the Indian newspaper industry and other developing economies. Table of Contents Introduction 5 Findings 6 Description and Benefits of PEST Analysis 6 PEST Analysis for the Newspaper Industry in the Developed Economies 7 Political Factors 7 Economic Factors 7 Social  Factors 8 Technological Factors 9 The Meaning of the PEST Analysis for the Newspaper Industry 9 SWOT Analysis of the Guardian 10 Strengths 10 Weaknesses 10 Opportunities 11 Threats 11 Describe Lewin’s Field Force Analysis 11 Field Force Analysis for the newspaper industry in the developed world concerning the use of the internet 12 Driving Forces 12 Restraining Forces 12 Recommendations to Reduce the Strength of the Obstacles 12 The Indian Newspaper Industry 13 Conclusion 13 References 15 Introduction In the developed economies, the newspaper industry is going through a period of change. Yet whilst the industry is going through a period of change in the developed economies, in other economies such as India the story is different. The modern newspaper industry is facing structural challenges and fundamental transformations where they experience a long-term decline in circulation volume in paid titles as advertisers move to modern means of advertising. As such, newspaper publishers across the globe are facing a decline in: Newsprint prices Advertising revenues Titles Circulation Notably, the innovation and adoption of the internet derive the greatest losses to the newspapers where in developed economies circulation has been falling for a long term (PricewaterhouseCoopers 2009, p. 9). However, in other countries like India, newspaper sales are rising (Mallet 2013, p. 1). Notably, most young people are spending most of their time in the internet where they get the news online instead of reading newspapers (The Economist Newspaper Limited 2006, p. 1). Although, newspapers are yet to shut down in large numbers, we can expect that in the near future, most of the largest newspapers will close business especially in America. Nevertheless, the newspaper publishers are still trying to remain afloat and reduce operational costs by: Spending less on journalism Investing in free daily papers Trying to attract younger readers Trying to create new businesses on- and offline Raising the price of their subscriptions and news-stand copies The Guardian is a British national daily newspaper, which started publishing in 1821. The Guardian has grown to a national paper that deals with a complex organisational structure and international multimedia and web presence (Guardian News and Media Limited 2013, p. 1). Indeed, it is one of the world's best-selling international weekly newspapers, which provides relevant and updated information on international news, politics, entertainment, culture, and comment (Guardian News and Media Limited 2013, p. 1). More than 200,000 people in over 100 countries read the Guardian Weekly (Guardi an News and Media Limited 2013, p. 1). To analyze the position of the newspaper industry in the current scenario, I will use the PEST analysis and Lewin’s Field Force Analysis. I will also use the SWOT analysis to analyze the British newspaper The Guardian. Findings Description and Benefits of PEST Analysis The PEST analysis will refer to the analysis of macro-environmental factors that influence the newspaper industry which include: Political Economic Social Technological analysis The PEST

Tort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tort - Essay Example summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale; and where an offence under this Section committed by a corporation has been committed with the consent or connivance of, or facilitated by any neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary or other officer of the corporation, he, as well as the corporation shall be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly". Therefore, Betty is obligated by law to obtain insurance for liability to employees. Employers are responsible for the health and safety of their employees while they are at work. Employees may be injured at work, or they may become ill as a result of their work while in employment and might face claims for compensation in this regard. The Employers Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 ensures that employers have at least a minimum level of insurance cover against any such claims. Public Liability Insurance is designed to cover businesses from the threat that they will be sued from a member of the public. The basic concept of public liability is, it will cover one’s business in the event that it causes injury or death to a third party, it will also cover the business in the event that it damages a third parties property. Public liability insurance is not compulsory in the UK and therefore, Betty does not require it, though it might be recommended to protect Betty from future liability from third parties. Liability for land and premises differs depending on the question whether the injured person is a lawful visitor or a trespasser. While the former case is governed by the Occupiers’ Liability Act 1957, the latter is governed by the Occupiers’ Liability Act 1984. Under the Occupiers’ Liability Act 1957, an occupier must be prepared for children to be less careful than adults1 and where damage is caused to a visitor by a danger of which he had been warned by the occupier, the warning is not to be

The Key Causes Of Multiculturalism

The Key Causes Of Multiculturalism Multiculturalism is not only an issue in Europe but also in the United States, Canada and Australia. The challenges that these countries went through and continue to go through are no different from that being experienced in Europe. Migration of individuals from all parts of the earth, and with different values and perspective, to find jobs, study or be with their loved ones has caused an increase in the number of minority groups present in Europe. Aside from the immigrants, those who claim to historically belong to the European countries due to colonization like the community of with an origin of Indo-Pakistan in Britain or the Muslims and Arabs of France, have distinctively introduced themselves to the community, and demanded equality (Allam, 2009). Khosrokhavar (2006) has presented two levels at which multiculturalism, specifically for the Muslim community, can be evaluated: the daily life level which is caused by the cultural diversity that cannot be altered anymore, and the institutional level which involves the government, the society, and all other aspects that externally affects the individual as an institution. The daily life level that was exemplified is the distinct Muslim culture of the women wearing their veil. Muslim women have been banned in different European countries like Switzerland, Belgium, Germany and France, and legislations regarding the wearing of the veil are also being discussed in England and Holland. Such measure does not correlate to the phenomenon of multiculturalism, but the government of these European countries were forced to take into consideration the safety of the general public, especially after the bombing incident in London in September of 2005 (Khosrokhavar, 2006). The institutional level is concerned with the effect of the legislations like that mentioned earlier to the Muslim community and to the citizens who are not directly affected by the law but are influenced in terms of how they are supposed to see or look at the people to which, the law has been addressed to. The effect of these laws such as that of banning the hijab has resulted to a more closely knit Muslim community, and has been considered to be of three different classes. One that tries to properly mingle with the public, consequently, denouncing the Muslim traditions. The second which, continues to practice Muslim teachings and as a result experiences social injustice, discrimination or prejudice in their every day encounters. And the third is the group that spreads radicalization, and often giving issues that involve protests and demonstrations (Khosrokhavar, 2006). After 1945, the official stand of European countries towards immigration included multiculturalism in Great Britain, Netherlands, and Sweden; gasterbeider or denying migrant workers of political citizenship in Germany; and assimilationism in France (Rex Singh, 2003). Various authors offer competing definitions of the term multiculturalism which according to Malik (2005) refer to both a society characterised by being ethnically diverse and the philosophy and policy approach in the management of societies. In Great Britain, the social diversity brought about by migration creates particular concerns or dilemmas needed to be addressed such as the how promoting a sense of belongingness could be reconciled with respecting plural identities and cultural differences. Though multicultural discourses are divergent, the term implies efforts conveying recognition, respect, and tolerance to various ethnicities within a specific territory (Schuster Solomos, 2001). On the other hand, assimilation ist approaches, which place an onus on the minority ethnicities to the imaginary homogenous national British way of life, multiculturalism is founded on the distinctiveness of every ethnic group and that each is accorded the right of retaining their cultural heritage. If the groups do not experience oppression, marginalization, social exclusion, then safeguarding groups from discrimination and promoting social equality are the salient facets of multiculturalism. Undeniably, multiculturalism originated from the struggles of minority ethnic activists against workplace racism, particularly in the US and Britain (Sivanandan, 2006 as cited in Herbert, Datta, Evans, May, McIlwane, Wils, 2006). In this broad theoretical framework, two types of multiculturalism emerge- weak and strong. Weak multiculturalism denotes the understanding that there should be due recognition of cultural differences in the private domain, but should not exert on the public sphere of employment, education, market, governance, and law (Rex, 1991). The major problem with weak multiculturalism is that a number of institutions overlap the public and private domains. For example, education though a public institution inculcates private moral values to the studentry. In addition, public institutions do not remain neutral in relation to ethnicity concerns. In the labour market, multiculturalism leads to gender and ethnic segmentation. Another weak multiculturalism is the boutique multiculturalism, in which the ethnic groups considered the minority become what is called the exotic other and have not gone beyond the tokenistic festivity of saris, somosas and steel bands (Harris, 2001; Alibhai-Brown, 2000). In contrast, the strong type of multiculturalism is being promoted by Taylor who argued that being recognised is an imperative need of human beings and therefore multiculturalism should extend mere tolerance of various cultures and must grant every individual the same amount of respect and worth in the community (Taylor, 1994). This approach of Taylor also known as primordial multiculturalism is an essentialised and rigid view regarding cultural identities which states that groups bear a cultural baggage passed across generations. In contrast, the civic type of multiculturalism recognises that dynamic and permeable natures of cultures, and pushes for intra- and inter-community dialogue. This serves as the central unifying component to the claims of Parekh (2006) that in response to the cultural diversity, multiculturalism might welcome and cherish it [difference], make it central to its self-understanding, and respect the demands of its constituting communities (p. 6). Using this poi nt of view, integration proceeds in two modes (Modood, 2005). Some workers strongly and radically criticised multiculturalism; their argument is that when cultural differences and recognition are focused, power struggles and injustices are masked, specifically those that are economically related. For instance, Fraser (1995) pushed for a social justice approach which acknowledges that economic disadvantage is intertwined with cultural disrespect and that there is a need to tackle this concern by means of a concerted effort of redistributing income and recognizing individual and group differences. In the 1980s, policies of several countries in Europe, Britain most particularly, are founded on the principle of multiculturalism such as celebrating cultural differences and extending financial support to activities initiated by members of ethnic minority groups. These appeared to be employed in a variety of ways across sectors in society which covers education, employment, politics, social welfare, and health. Apparently, education was one area where this concept became converted into a state policy and included steps of encouraging more ethnic minority teachers to teach in schools that recognise and celebrate pluralistic cultures such as different histories and religions in the National Curriculum. In the work area, articulation of the multiculturalism ethos occurred in the 1980s by providing minority members with equal employment opportunities as with the majority groups and recently by means of diversity management. By adopting these strategies, organizations cultivate an inclu sive labour force, facilitate cultural understanding, and abolish racism by evaluating the individual merits of all the employees (Herbert et al. 2006). Workers criticised these developments because they have not gone beyond the celebration of cultural diversity and neglected to discuss how social injustice and ethnic discrimination originated (Troyna Carrington, 1990). As a result, debate grew considerably between multiculturalism and antiracism advocates and forced people to be biased despite having commonalties; therefore a productive dialogue is prevented (Brah, 1996). Most specifically, the multicultural project critics argued that assessing people as individuals is did not successfully tackle institutional racism affecting groups instead of simply individuals (Pole, 2001). The diversity management policy in the work area was also criticised for presuming the use of diversity in accumulating profit; in other words, business incentives are major motivators of racism eradication. This neglects both social and moral motives in the prevention of racial exclusion, leaving equal business and market opportunities (Wrench Modood, 2000 ). Research revealed that while a number of major industries have equal opportunities initiatives in place, few of them seriously plan to implement these plans. Despite the criticisms faced by multiculturalism in the work place, very little has been documented in research regarding the experiences of ethnic minorities in both workplace and institutions (Solomos, 1999). Then more criticisms emerged and these generally focused on ways wherein multiculturalism generates inadvertent consequences and novel problems that needed resolution. Particularly, multiculturalist policies have been greatly criticised for cultivating animosity between ethnic minorities for the purpose of competing for funds and granting and co-opting autonomy to unelected ethnic brokers who stifle the interests of the youth and women deemed to be the less influential sectors of society, in the hope of becoming more unified in the community (Kundnani, 2002). Multiculturalism has also been the target in presupposing that different individuals have the same level of commitment towards their respective culture and therefore fail to identify the different positions individuals occupy; as a function of their value system, life cycle, sexuality, class, gender, and so forth (Yuval-Davis, 1999 as cited in Torres, Miron, Inda, 1999). After the conflicts in 2001 in the northern towns in Britain and the bombings of July 2005, the value that multiculturalism used to have was politically questioned and multiculturalism is blamed for the division and fragmentation between ethnic groups in Britain (Pfaff, 2005; Cantle, 2002).The head of the Commission for race Equality, Trevor Phillips is the prominent figure associated with this argument. In 2004, Phillips made a controversial announcement that multiculturalism is facing effective decline and reaffirmed his concerns in 2005 that some areas in Britain are sleepwalking to segregation. Phillips (2005) as cited in Herbert et al. (2006) likewise criticised an anything goes multiculturalism which leads to deeper division and inequality In recent years weve focused far too much on the multi and not enough on the common culture. The Guardian (2006) also stated that the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, Ruth Kelly, shared the same concerns that ethnic mi norities live in isolated and segregated communities. Looking things from this perspective, multiculturalism is regarded as a threat to the common values shared in the British society. In response to these problems, politicians have urged for greater inter-cultural contact, integration, and social cohesion. This, according to some workers is like a return to the earlier assimilation discourses, emphasizing adherence to British values as exemplified in the endorsement of citizenship tests (Worley, 2005; Werbner, 2005). In this discourses, assimilationists see cultural barrier a key problem, instead of underlying poverty, inequalities, and racisms (Kundnani, 2002). Furthermore, the polarization discourse tended to blame members of minority ethnicities for their choice to be inward-looking and segregated. In short, the recent debates surrounding multiculturalism in Britain disregard the effect of racial exclusions in generating feelings of exclusion as well as cultural segregation (Herbert et al. 2006). Multiculturalism, Politics and Religion In a suburban community called Grigny in Czech Republic, both the Muslim and Christian population have agreed on a tolerant and respectful society to prevent any misunderstanding so that all individuals will be able to live according to their own norms. This peaceful inter-religion or inter-cultural relationship could have been an excellent example of multiculturalism if it had not been for the outcomes caused by the terrorist attacks in 9/11. The United States governments all out war on terrorism after the 9/11 attack generalized that all individuals from Islamic countries are terrorists, or have a very high potential of becoming extremists. This generalization has created paranoia amongst European nations because of the vast Muslim population in the region (Velisek, 2010). The alliance of Britain to the United States during the war against Saddam Hussein and Iraq, has led to the train bombing in London, as a form of protest to Britains participation (Lappin, 2007). The Czech Republ ic has not experienced heavy problems in terms of the heterogeneous cultures and religions that are present in their society, but with the white racism that George W. Bush started, there seemed to be an underlying discrimination and racism that has always been present, but not yet acknowledged in the society. This prejudice, if unrecognised, will lead the heterogeneous Czech Republic society to the similar path that other European nations have experienced (Velisek, 2010). Terrorism is the nemesis of democracy and destroys what may have been good in a multicultural environment. Terrorism creates a helpless society, where the ordinary citizens continuously fear for their lives and are no longer secure within the walls of their homes. It also renders the government officials in a vulnerable position, where they could not let their fear be seen and would have to put up a faà §ade that will somehow appease the ordinary citizens and bring about stability during the times where almost all political leaders are powerless. At another angle, terrorism brings about a stigma on the people who have been called terrorists and this stigma affects all individuals, even the innocent women and children belonging to the group. In the case of the 9/11 terrorist attack, the stigma was on the Muslim population (Mahajan, 2007). Aside from historical colonization citizens, immigrants are also a source of the population that has brought about changes in the European community. Immigration in Europe began in the late 1900s, where decolonization happened, and the reconstruction of the economic state after the downfall brought about by World War II took place (Velisek, 2010). Europe has opened its borders freely to allow economic growth and family unification amongst other reasons, in the region. With this free movement of trade and labourers in and out of the borders of the European countries, it is inevitable that people, whether of good intent or not, cross these internal borders almost everyday. The geography of Europe, similar to that of the United States, allows the entry and exit of persons between countries, and to monitor the migration of thousands of individuals, at different entry points costs a lot, and the legislations that are formulated for the security of the government are sometimes not effectiv e especially in areas that are difficult to reach by the law enforcers. Despite the unified efforts of the European Union to detect illegal entry of individuals, there is always a certain degree of uncertainty at which those of illegitimate intent aim to pry at (Bigo, 2009). Immigration and integration in the society has been studied and analyzed by migration scholars to evaluate or assess the European communitys capacity to accommodate migrants and their respective religions and values. Political parties have also emerged to support or pass on legislations that may or may not favour multiculturalism, and these parties each have their own supporters who believe in the same views as they have (Bale, 2008). In France, Brice Hortefeux, Minister of Immigration, Integration and Identity; expressed his concern on illegal migrants, and boasted of the French governments capacity, to determine and send these migrants back to their homes. This political move has sparked some organizations to question the free movement agreement and has been seen by some to be a failure, similar to that of the American strategy. Contrary to the ideologies Minister Hortefuex, the French government created the Pact of Immigration, which is different from that which implicitly denies the entry of immigrants into Europe. This long-term policy, which was adopted in 2008, aims to create what they referred to as Eurosurveillance where the entry of foreigners in the European region is controlled systematically (Bigo, 2009). The United Kingdom has a certain degree of uniqueness when it comes to the diversity of the people in its community. Britain has allowed the people to retain their culture, as long as there is a certain aspect in their lives that is somewhat British in nature. The British value policy that the New Labour government re-endorsed in 2007 to 2008 created varied reactions from the members of its community. The Catholics, who remained to stand by the teachings of the church, could not adapt to some of the British lifestyles such as abortion and adoption by homosexual couples. However, despite the contradicting traditions, the British public law is more coherent with Christianity compared to that of the Sharia law of the Muslims. But most Muslim women ap preciate the British law because their rights as individuals are considered compared to the Muslim tradition that women are second-class individuals and do not have any privileges at all. This is evidence that the intertwined laws, which may be secular, religious or traditional in origin has created British laws that bring comfort to the Christian, Jewish and Muslim communities in Britain (Milbank, 2009). During the 1980s Netherlands and Norway have recognized multiculturalism but have not officially integrated citizenship of immigrants into their policies. However, after the September 2001 attack in the United States, and other violence that rocked their neighbouring regions, integration of Islam has become a very controversial politico-cultural issue and often been inclined on irreconcilability. Norwegian and Dutch politicians have fairly accepted the fact that integration policies have failed in their respective regions and non-Western immigrants have become curious of being able to practice their individual rights (Akkerman and Hagelund, 2007). Women and children, in particular, have been regarded as properties rather than as human beings by Muslim men. This is what Islam has taught, and Muslims have been accustomed to this perspective that even if they immigrate to other non-Muslim countries, they still carry on with this perspective, even to non-Muslim women. An excellent example of this gender discrimination is the Islamic practice of honour killing where any Muslim can be killed if a Muslim woman has a relationship with a non-Muslim, or when she refuses to wear their veil. Statistics have even shown that more than 95% of honour killings that happened in Europe are on Muslim women who have been killed at an average age of 21. These women have been killed or tortured by their own family and almost half of the incidents on honour killings happened in England (Chesler, 2010). In Norway and Netherlands case, women and children are supposed to be protected by the Dutch and Norwegian laws however, with the Islam teaching on fa mily and values, honour killing is justified and is not considered a sin according to the Koran. Aside from honour killings, genital mutilation is also a Muslim practice that has caused debates and was dwelled on by the media. These issues have been publicly debated on in Norway and legislations have been considered to integrate the abused Muslim women into the society. The same approach was done by the Dutch government and policies to provide protection to Muslim women. The undertakings that Norway and the Netherlands went through for several years showed that womens rights is more of an individual right and the violence that victims have experienced in the past need not happen if the leftists were able to see that there should be exemptions to their anti-immigrant demands (Akkerman, 2007). Europes challenges in achieving multiculturalism have often been attributed generally to the Muslims. Lalami (2009) assessed the views of Christopher Caldwell when it comes to racism, multiculturalism and Muslims, in particular. Muslims have been considered as a stronger force in a white race-dominated European community, with the same beliefs and traditions even if they come from different lands. Caldwell believes that even as a minority, with only a 5% population in Europe, Muslims still demand for recognition of their culture and traditions. However, Muslim culture appears to be more on the violent and oppressive side. Statistically, most crimes and other minor offenses are relatively high in areas where there are Muslim populations. Most of Caldwells racist views were also contested, citing instances to which Caldwell may have simply refused to look for further evidence and consider something good in the minority that threatens him so much. Caldwells discriminating vision was tha t of Europe without the Muslims in it (Lalami, 2009). This kind of ideology, apart from being a racist, is an example of a European only perspective and contradicts all the founding principles of the policies set by the EU on multiculturalism and minority rights. Murray and Simcox (2010) discussed on the current situation of Islamism and multiculturalism in Britain. They reported on the actions that Muslims do in Britain when racism occurs, and the impact that it may bring about to the non-Muslim members of the community. The observations that Murray and Simcox (2010) made shows that the British society is still tolerant of the actions of Muslims, as long as they are not hate crimes. Police enforcers have been instructed not to make any arrest on Muslims who voice out their emotions on issues similar to that in Afghanistan or Iraq, provided that they do no harm to other people in the community. This instruction has been given because the British government does not want to create any tension between the Muslims and the British community. The demographics of terrorists and those who help fight the terrorist were shown to be coming from one region, which implies that the region has an underlying civil war, although not completely recognized by the government and it is still not as evident (Murray, 2010). The freedom that the British government provided to the Muslims only encouraged the latter to be aggressive, as it has already been inherent to Islamism. These observations have been vocally expressed by Britains Prime Minister Cameron, where he demanded a more strict approach on Muslims who preach about hate and war, and involve themselves in terrorism and extremism. Cameron also emphasized that Britains, as well as that of the entire European community, have been very cautious so as not to stir any arguments on racial discrimination. Britains hands-off tolerance on Muslims has not helped in creating a society where different cultures will be able to live harmoniously with each other, and even brought about Britains failure when it comes to fighting terrorism because they have been dubbed by the United States as the haven for terrorist groups. This implies that it is not only the European community that notices this truth, but other countries as well (Burns, 2011). The French president Nicolas Sarkozy has expressed the same views and identified the same group of people to be the cause of their problems Muslims. He started a campaign calling on the immigrants to be French Muslims rather than continue to live as Muslims in France. This is a call for integration, however, Marine Le Pen has considered Sarkozys move only as a political tactic (Heneghan, 2011). Europes culture is changing, and it is inevitable basically because of the effect of immigration brought about by the societys economic needs. However, religion seems to be the most evident divider among the different members of the community especially when teachings begin to be questioned and rights to perform several customs have been deprived. It is not the fight over jobs or benefits, but simply the exercise of beliefs to which the non-EU people want to be recognized (Lalami, 2009). There seems to be a similarity in terms of the goals that these religious congregations want to achieve, other than recognition, and it is to invite people into their religion, as well as demand that the laws of the society must be in accordance to their teachings. This diversified demand and attempts of each religious congregation to change Europe are probable reasons why multiculturalism in Europe has not yet succeeded. Europe, aside from the Middle East, has the most number of Muslim population compared to the United States and Canada. The United States has Asian and Mexican immigrants and a small Muslim population, and multiculturalism has succeeded in this region. Although Europe and the United States have a democratic form of government, the effect on multiculturalism to these regions are completely opposite, primarily because of the religious institutions and teaching to which the immigrants are free to exercise as part of their minority rights. Asians and Mexicans, or other Latin America nationals have almost similar beliefs and their religions do not teach of the justification to invoke violence as opposed to the Muslim teachings in the Koran where a religious war or jihad can be called upon Muslims and wage war against non-Muslim nations. This is the main reason why multiculturalism has been difficult to observe in Europe. The totalitarian perspective of the Muslims has a tendency to bring a bout extremism because of their entirely different values that are sometimes publicly unjustifiable but because these Muslim immigrants are in a democratic country, their actions and religious practices remain to be a part of their right, and in some cases, the laws that govern their community supersedes that of the states legislations. Islamic teachings do not aim to integrate Muslims with other religions, nor does it treat other religious congregations as equals. It is part of the Islamic teachings to impose ideologies that are parallel to that with their Koran and promote the religion even in nations where they are considered the minority (Lappin, 2007). Tolerance: Hope for Multiculturalism in Europe A good example of a religion that appears to mingle and co-exist perfectly with that of either the Muslim or Christian community is Hinduism. Hinduism is based on teachings, and there are no texts that demand to be followed. The religion is more like a way of life rather than being called a religion itself. It is the religion dominant in India, which has allowed the Muslims and Christians to live in harmony because it does not seek to convert people or encourage people to join their community. This is the main difference between India and Europe, where the former has been able to be both democratic and multicultural for more than 50 years, while the latter has been in continuous turmoil with the Muslim minorities in the region. The approach in India on the Muslim community was that of tolerance thesis, wherein the culture of the majority tolerates that of the minority. Hindu tolerance is not based on relativism, and respects the psychology of the situated self, where the behaviour of an individual is influenced by the norms of the community that they belong to, and different communities have their own norms. This tolerance has provided non-Hindu communities their own space to live according to the norms that they have been accustomed with (Mahajan, 2007). Compared to India, minorities in Europe are demanded to turn their backs on their religions and culture to be able to integrate in the society which has led to different militant groups all aiming for equality including the exercise of their customs. But Europeans have always been the dominant community since historical colonization and even until now where they still regard dark-skinned individuals as their slaves (Banus, 2007). Ironically, they seem to have met a match in the Muslims, who in their own way are a dominant community as well and have retaliated significantly when their customs were prohibited or banned. Tolerance in its liberal context deals with the individuals capacity to recognise autonomy, where the customary beliefs of a particular religious congregation can only be questioned by the members and all issues concerning them is not of concern to the other religious community. India was able to deal with multiculturalism with tolerance, respect and the situated self, even without the liberal ideologies. Multiculturalism may be achieved simply by respecting and understanding the roots of a religious community. Although Europe cannot do away with the vigilance of the threats of terrorism, it must be able to accept that there are different cultures and values that may seem absurd, or even grotesque, in as much the same way as minorities like the Muslims and Roman Catholics, find some practices of the European liberal lifestyle to be as misshapen as well. How has Europe accepted multiculturalism? From an earlier glorification of the political project that is multiculturalism, the backlash as of late has been quite prominent. Initiatives to promote multiculturalism in Europe have been going on since the 1960s. These have included programs and services geared at public recognition of national minorities or ethnic groups, in education, socials services, religious accommodation and others. Vertotec and Wessendorf (2007) enumerated the broad range of multiculturalism efforts around Europe, which may vary in application from country to country, including: 1. Public recognition: The idea is to provide support for ethnic majority organizations, activities that spread awareness about diversity, and facilities. There were also public consultative bodies which incorporate ethnically diverse organizations. 2. Education: In the schools, there was ample consideration and respect for dress codes and recognition of gender-specific practices. Moreover, curricula were created to reflect the diversity of the school population and to orient ethnic students with the culture of their peers in order to raise their self confidence. Teaching was available in the mother tongue and support for ethnic languages was offered. The establishment of religious-private or publicly-funded schools was also allowed. 3. Social services: Multiculturalism was also adopted in social service by allowing the dissemination of information and training of public employees, healthcare providers, social workers, the police, and courts in culturally-sensitive practices in the performance of their duties. 4. Public materials: Campaigns to promote health and provide information to state-sponsored services are made available in diverse languages. 5. Law: The law provided for cultural exceptions such as the exemption of Sikhs to wear helmets when riding motor vehicles, taking of oath through the Quran or the Bhagavad Gita, the recognition of marriage performed in other religious persuasions, as well as recognition of culture-specific provis

Love is Like Water Essay

Love is Like Water, We can Fall in it, We can Drown in it, But we can’t Live Without it Men are born inferior to women. Now I’m Sure there are many men who disagree, however it is a scientific fact. Any person born with the ‘y’ chromosome is born inferior. The conflicting views of men and women have been questioned and debated for centuries. For many years it is said that the male species are superior to women. It wasn’t until August 18, 1940 men deemed women smart enough to vote and have our own political voice. Men have always been the dominant species in most anything in society. It wasn’t until recent studies that show women actually have higher IQ’s then men. It is believed that juggling family life and building a career on top of that has made women smarter. In reality Women and men brains are just wired differently. Men differ from women with their emotions, their affection and also their communication skills. Women are said to be more emotional than men The fact of the matter women do actually communicate with through emotions and intimacy. Research shows that women use language as a way to maintain and develop relationships. Women tend to react more emotionally than men, resulting in submerging themselves, (mind body and soul) into making decisions. For example, women often ask there signficant other â€Å"are you listening† and the man replies â€Å"yes honey I’m listening† and then we reply â€Å"what did I just say† It’s because women feed off of body language. We believe that if your not looking at us, youre not listening. Men see women as less competent to making decisions that involve a lot of thought, and this is due to women’s emotions. Which is probably why a women have never been elected to be president. Women are just more emotional when it comes to, Movies, relationships, and everyday life trials and tribulations. Women use words to start and continue a relationship with a person they find special and close to their heart. They focus more on what they say and do when conversing, which explains why they also find listening an important part in a conversation. Those are the causes that affect women more then men. The difference of emotion is mostly noticed during the midst of a relationship, when a woman seems to not be understood by men and vice versa. Men on the other hand impulsively react to situations for the sake of having a reason to do so. Men tend to simplify their communication in times of  hardship, they do not ex press themselves they way women do. Many women believe that men are very simple minded with no knowledge of anything, and don’t care about anything. In reality most men can communicate and their patterns for thinking are based on logic and reasoning. Men communicate as a way of power rather than as a way of reaching out to another person. For men, conversation is the way you negotiate your status in the world and keep people from pushing you around. They use their communication skills to preserve their independence. Men tend to think that it is logical to state how important their lives are so that they would rise above other men and be seen as the â€Å"Alpha Male†. During a conversation, body language seems to play a much smaller role for men. Men tend to be less skilled at using body language to influence communication without seeming to be doing so. The male’s brain has a greater mass and more gray matter, which leads to a higher ability to process information as facts instead of their emotions like women. Women show affection in a lot of ways. Women show their affection by physical touch, holding hands, giving hugs, or rubbing our significant others back. Some women do it by saying nice things. Some do it by giving gifts. Other women may show their affection by cooking you tasty dinners. There are a lot of ways to show affection, and no two women show it in exactly the same way. â€Å"Actions speak louder than words† is actually more than a clichà ©, it’s truer of men than it is for women in regard to how they show affection. men are more likely to show affection in unspoken ways through actions. There is less subtlety with men. When a guy cares about you, he is likely to find ways to spend time with you, whether enjoying your company or sharing activities such as movies, bowling, miniature golf etc. When a man cares about a women he wants to show her off. studies show that, even if a man is not particularly confident, he will try to engage in physical intimacy with the one he loves and cares deeply about. Women relationships focus on making connections talk is crucial to this process. Sharing secrets, relating experiences, revealing problems and discussing options are essential during a woman’s development. Women generally take another approach to relationships. Their mate is not less profound, it’s just different. focusing on activities rather than conversation. Men believe communication should have a crystal clear purpose. Every conversation is suppose be problem solving or a point that needs to be made. Communication  is used to get to the root of the an issue as efficiently as possible. Women uses communication to discover how she is feeling and what it is she wants to say. She sees conversation as an act of sharing and an opportunity to increase intimacy with her partner. A women tries to dispose negative feelings to strengthen her bond with the man she loves. Although there are many diffrences between men and women. For the most part, men and women use, and prefer, the same ways of comforting their partner.