Human Trafficking Is Today s Version Of Slavery - 873 Words

We Are People Human trafficking is today’s version of slavery. Victims are forced into labor, prostitution, and other exploitations. In 2007 three brothers conspired together to trafficked women from Mexico to New York, Queens. The brothers threatened, assaulted, and psychologically coerced the young women and minors into prostitution. These men were committed to sex trafficking that one of the brothers, Victor Leonel Estrada- Tepal, forced his wife, who was only seventeen at the time, into their sex trafficking trade. The brothers did not tell the women the real truth of why they were taking them to the United States. In January 2014 the three brothers were arrested and in 2015 they plead guilty to sex trafficking through the use of force, fraud, and coercion of the young women. The brothers are facing a minimum of fifteen years in prison to a life sentence in prison. According to HSI Special Agent-in-Charge Hayes, â€Å"These men preyed on innocent women, luring them into t he United States under false pretenses and then cruelly enslaving them to satisfy their own greed in a ruthless prostitution scheme† (â€Å"Justice News†). These men are only one example of human traffickers. Human trafficking is a globally wide problem and countries are not working together to end this issue. Society should focus on achieving international human rights and promote an internal standard of laws against human trafficking. Although Utilitarians argue we should maximize happiness of the majority byShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking2466 Words   |  10 PagesCombating Human Trafficking Over the past several years, human trafficking has become a sizable world-wide problem. Human Trafficking has had a considerable affect on the World and United States. To combat this, several laws and initiatives have been enacted. While this allows for some headway in combating this problem, there are still several things that we can do to help. This review of literature on Human Trafficking focuses on these areas and provides the information on the steps thatRead MoreThe Importance Of Securing Us Borders : Combat Transnational Crime3334 Words   |  14 PagesKeiser University â€Æ' Abstract This research paper is intended to argue that effectively and efficiently securing the United States borders will ultimately help disrupt and dismantle transnational criminals to include: narcotics traffickers, human traffickers, Human, weapons, and bulk cash smuggling, and prevent terrorists and their weapons from entering the country and wreaking havoc. These transnational crimes are extremely profitable and are in no means going to stop unless enforced at the UnitedRead MoreHuman Rights And The Right Of Humanity And Eradicate Human Abuses1903 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Human rights organization, groups or institutions work to protect the right of humanity and eradicate human rights abuses. Some of these institutions, groups or organization are specific to the type, nature and extent of the human rights law, they deal with, while others tackle issues relating to the whole. The latter is usually a very active group as human rights in many ways are affected by the whole process of globalization and capitalism. It is true that the most effect human rights agentsRead MoreHuman/sex trafficking in Amsterdam1901 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"We thought slavery was a thing of the past. We haven’t been paying attention† (Atlanta Hosts Passion 2012). There is trafficking all around the world, whether society likes it or not, several kinds such as trafficking in drugs, other supplies and even trafficking in people. Human and sex trafficking has been known to use many women and children, who are then victimized for this cruel fate for over hundreds and even over thousands of years. â€Å"The transnational sex trafficking of women and childrenRead MoreHuman Rights And Non Government Related Essay1964 Words   |  8 Pages Abstract Human rights organization, groups or institutions work to protect the right of human and eradicate human rights abuses. Some of these institutions, groups or organization are specific to the type, nature and extent of the human rights law they deal with, while others, tackle issues relating to the whole. The latter is usually very active group as human rights in many ways are affected by the whole process of globalization and capitalism. It is true that the most effect human rights agentsRead MoreThe Split Of The Yoruba Ethnic Group2363 Words   |  10 Pagesmatter, the word Yoruba was nothing short of pure Greek to no less than 99% of the people now called Yorubas, when they first heard it being used for them as a common name. The peoples of southwestern Nigeria, the Benin Republic, and Togo who are today referred to by scholars as the Yoruba were, until the late 19th century, organized into a series of some 15 to 20 independent polities, linked by shifting patterns of allegiance and competition.† (Waterman, 369) Present-day Nigeria, Benin, and TogoRead MoreThe Relation Between Prostitution and Human Trafficking Essay2236 Words   |  9 Pagesrights. According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, all human beings are born free and equal. These rights apply to everyone throughout the world regardless of gender, race, religion, sexual orientation, or age. However, although we are born with these rights, there have been many cases throughout the world where people’s human rights have been violated. The analysis of this essay will focus on the sexual exploitation of women through trafficking and prostitution within Ireland, the NetherlandsRead MoreThe Impact of Management Information System in Banking and Its Efficiency5000 Words   |  20 Pagesother or the downright exploitation of women? Is prostitution a means to provide income or rather an expression of violence against women? Is it freely chosen or imposed? Are we referring to the oldest profession in the world or merely a form of slavery to be banned? Whatever definition we choose, we inevitably take sides, express judgements and favour certain approaches to the problem, be they legislative or otherwise. Prostitution is difficult to grasp. It is a complex, multifaceted problem thatRead MorePolitical Ideologies And The Basic Philosophy Of A Community2913 Words   |  12 Pagesa community. It enables the analysis of the definition of their existence and gives them a medium to work upon their planning of developments. Social sciences give space to a large number of political ideologies that frame the convolutions of the human mind. They help in the formation of the laws of the social behavior, conduct and interaction of people with one another. Political ideologies imbed in people the attributes of a doctrine which reflects their own perceptions and abstracts their ownRead MoreRacism in America3527 Words   |  15 Pagesin America. Key Words: racism, discrimination, affirmative action, diversity, equal rights, culture  Racism in America  The issues of racism still exist in America today due to the different perceptions from different races. Regardless, of the conscious intent of the American public, everyone is somewhat conditioned, affected or infected daily by racism. Racism is when one group assumes superiority over other groups

Problems Faced by Women in the 1880s Free Essays

During the 1880s, many women faced difficulties because of gender issues. Because of this, females were sometimes described as weak, emotional, and overreacting. As well, it was believed that they did not match the same qualifications as with men in certain work fields. We will write a custom essay sample on Problems Faced by Women in the 1880s or any similar topic only for you Order Now Women who were hired as hired girls back in the 1880s had little control over their earnings. They also believed that their employer would take care of them and would not hurt them. But due to the disadvantages that they had and what they believed in, the employers often took these weaknesses for granted and benefited from them. These women often faced the danger of sexual harassment by their male employer and/or by other brutal men because of their weaknesses such as: they could not disrespect their bosses and they did not have the strength to fight back. Women, at that time, did not have much opportunity to pursue a higher education, which caused a lack of qualified female workers during the 1880s. Most of the women were hired as servants, farmers, or factory workers. In contrast, married women took care of their families and served their husbands. Indeed, women had faced many difficulties since that time because of their gender disadvantages. My Antonia showed many situations that girls were often used as tools by the people in their work fields. Moreover, women workers back in the 1880s did not have the same amount of wages as men did even when they performed the same duties. The women who had jobs did not have the chance to enjoy their earnings because they had to send it to their families in order to help with the family expenses. They had to keep very little for their own living. The same was true with the married women who became housewives just to serve their husbands while raising and taking care of their children because their earnings also went to their husbands and children. In My Antonia, Antonia was taken advantage of by Ambrosch because he took her wages and Antonia could not do anything about it because he was her boss. Lena also did not have the authority over her wages because she had to provide the financial support to her family. Neither of the girls had control over their earnings, and had no power to spend the earnings for their own needs. Among all of the risks that women had faced during the 1880s, the most challenging was sexual harassment. This easily occurred because women were physically weak to resist the advances of their bosses, coworkers, or even husbands. Women back in the 1880s can be simply raped and sexually harassed at all places including the farm, factory, or even at home. The sexual harassments often resulted in favoring the suspects, and blaming the victims for their â€Å"misconducts† that had caused the unlucky event. For example, in My Antonia, Antonia almost became a rape victim when she was approached by her boss, Mr. Cutter, who was going to sexually abuse her. And in another case, Antonia was fired due to her â€Å"misconducts† while dancing and parting, which attracted the men in the parties. These showed that there were really aspects that were against womens’ behavior and social order. Willa Cather compared the condition of being raped as being â€Å"ruined. † Comparing the working conditions and social issues that were addressed in the 1880s to the present, there are changes but it had not been completely solved. Nowadays, we have more legal documentary that protects women against hostility from unnecessary forces. Nevertheless, it is still common that women are viewed to be weak and sexual harassment issues still appears to be common. Also, gender discrimination still exists today. How to cite Problems Faced by Women in the 1880s, Papers

Olivia Peguero Art and Paintings Its Symbolism and Meanings Essay Example For Students

Olivia Peguero Art and Paintings: Its Symbolism and Meanings Essay Upsurge only produces a few pieces each year, some taking months to complete, She is often seen in images, flanked by her assistant or with only her easel and set of oils, Spending weeks at a time in the countryside, she has gained a direct relationship with the people and farmers that live and work the landscape she mints But look closer at her art and it will reveal a tropical vision that looks past the spectacular colors and into the heart of the country, its people and the issues they face. Since Mrs.. Upsurge completed her first group of stunning flowers, each has shown the stages of life from birth to adolescence, adulthood to aged and finally death. But in 2007 her use Of symbolism became very pronounced in the work named La Montanan Smaller De Squeaky or The Emerald Hills of Squeaky. The work was commissioned to be a visualization Of the poem With the same name. In the painting there are many symbols and imagery that deal With the social and environmental issues that Mrs.. Upsurge sees While working in the countryside. Here are a few items that are notable in the work of art: 1. The Cocoa pod which is a prominent feature in the work was painted as it is naturally and was not given a luster of beauty but was given a patina of age ready to fall. Meaning: During the time the work was completed, world chocolate prices rode to an all-time high. Even with the high prices many farmers expressed a fear for their security and could not harvest much of the crop due o armed bandits stealing cocoa from the plantations, 2, garbed wire around the Cocoa tree: Signifies how the majority tooth tatters live in poor conditions without the hope of making a better life for their family, while the European chocolate producers continue to make profits without reinvesting into the local population. 3. Unlike many pristine mountainsides in the Dominican Republic Mrs.. Upsurge chose to paint much of it stripped of its natural trees. Meaning: The stripped land along the mountainside is showing the need for preservation due to the clearing and destruction of the rain forest for farming. 4. The small cocoa pod bud, the adolescent cocoa pod and the aged pod once again show the stages of life. As can be seen in the referenced painting, Mrs.. Upsurge is very interested in supporting social issues. She is the founder Of the Upsurge Art Libido Foundations and the Art Books for Education Project that focuses on art education for young Dominican children in rural areas. She is also a part Of the Marinara Cocoa Preserve. A private preservation initiative owned and run by the Upsurge family that combines sustainable organic cocoa farming practices and forest management with the protection of wildlife and nature. The countryside thin the preserve was a primary subject for many of her paintings.

Accounting and ERP

Question: Discuss about the Accounting and ERP. Answer: Introduction Due to increasing frauds and failure of management and auditors to keep up with the trust of public, it has become a requirement to bring some sort of regulation which makes them more responsible. SOX and ERP are related. This can be easily proved. The Sarbanes Oxley Act puts more emphasis on internal control over financial accounting to ensure integrity of the financial statements and protect the assets of the company. The enterprise resource planning (ERP) is business process management softwarethat binds the function of a business enterprise, so that all or any information can be used whenever required. Therefore, ERP plays a very vital role in internal control management of a business. But there are few cases where application of ERP has not been successful; there may be any reason behind it. We will look further in all the matters mentions in the above paragraph in the below project. Popularity of ERP software and adoption by medium to small companies Innovative and simplified ERP software are making it very convenient for medium to large companies to very easily switch from manual and off the shelf accounting to advanced ERP packages. There are various reasons because of which the use of the ERP packages is increasing day by day. Organisations already spend a lot of monies on accounting and finance. Once an investment made in proper ERP software according to the use of company, will give the organisation long term benefits. This software can easily account for transactions automatically without creating a burden to put in manual entries. Not only automation of data entry, but also an EPR package will help the organisation to have data from different departments to integrate. It helps in pooling of data in one place, which can be processes further and use accordingly. Integration of information will help us analyse all the flaws and positive attribute of our work (Fryling, 2010). Good ERP software is very secure. No one can easily have access to important data. It helps to maintain a hierarchy, without whose approval information cannot be obtained. One of the best reasons why ERPs use is increasing is that, it can be customised according to one need. People can add features in this software according to their requirement (Evan, 2014). ERP has resulted to improve the performances of many business organisations. It not only is convenient for employees but it also help business to serve their customers is a more efficient manner. If an organisation has various branches and offices spread all over the globe, EPR can easily integrate data from all these places of businesses. Also, ERPs can be customised in various languages too. It also increases the flow of communication within an organisation. ERP helps an organisation to improve its productivity. It allows a business organisation to move its product faster, increase the processing speed, create invoices and automatically reconcile data. It is not an easy task to implement ERP. It requires a lot of time to fully implement ERP in huge companies. ERP helps to streamline the operations of the business by data integration and refining processes that is needed to manage within an organisation (Fryling, 2010). Which industries are the biggest users if any? Why ERP software is used by manufacturing, retail, finance, government, service, etc, all the industries present use ERP. The complexities of running a business are increasing day by day. Requirement to various statutes, laws, etc are becoming very demanding day by day. So in order to reduce the load some of work of processing data, industries are using application of ERP. If we see, we will observe that all the industries are using ERP, but the industry which has made the most of the applications of ERP is manufacturing industry. Manufacturing industry has a lot of processes involved in their work. They need to account for raw material movement, sales, wastage, administrative expenses, etc. ERP is a comprehensive system that provides with the best support for industries involving multi processes. In the current aggressive business environment it is very important to be prepared for a huge and competitive market. In this situation where the whole global market is a risk, the small and me dium businesses are in a fix. They have to face various challenges day to day, like, customer requirements, mandatory compliance of laws, effective supplier management, costs control, creating market for new customers to grow their business, etc. ERP offers a solution to enable the manufacturers to compete in whatever situation prevails in the market (Siraj et. al, 2011). Application of ERP in manufacturing industry transforms the whole face of supply chain management, raw material movement, managing finance, coping with the customers etc. The major benefits obtained from application of ERP in manufacturing industry are that it helps in minimization of manufacturing costs and increases resource utilisation, reduction of constraints in production, on time delivery of goods, transparency in operational control, etc. The ERP of manufacturing industry should be designed in such a way that it helps them to excel in all processes (Gill, 2011). With the help of transparent operational poli cy and support for various manufacturing processes, it would become very easy to carry out the business transactions. ERP helps to provide this industry with reduced costs, improves customer service, improved customer satisfaction, increase in profitability margins, new streams to generate revenue and many other advantages. Sarbanes Oxley Act and implications The Sarbanes Oxley Act, 2002 was introduced in 2002; it is also known as Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act. This legislation was a reaction to major corporate and accounting scandals like Enron, Tyco International, Worldcom, etc. Such scandals eroded the wealth of the investors and shook the confidence. The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 is a United States Federal Law that is passed as an answer to various scandals like Enron and Worldcom. A unique Quasi-public authority was developed by the act, the public company accounting oversight board for watching, regulating, inspecting maintaining discipline in the accounting firms in their roles as auditors of public companies (Manoharan, 2011). This act pertains to issues like as auditor independence, corporate governance and enhanced financial disclosure. The vital provisions of SOX contain creation of a board which looks after application of SOX. It also developed a need that is evaluated by the public companies ev aluate and reveal the action of the internal control, as they are very much related to financial accounting and also that the independent auditors of such companies adheres to such disclosure. Certification of financial reports by chief executive officers and chief financial officers is an essential need of the SOX. The independence of the auditor is the main criteria. It is an essential need that a listed company have fully independent audit committees. The major thing is that there is a bar on the personal loans to any executive director or officer. It leads to a strong for reporting in an accelerated manner based on insider trading (Heeler, 2009). SOX have led to insider prohibition during pension fund blackout periods and disclosure for the same. Introduction of SOX has lead increment in the criminal, as well as civil penalties for breaking the rules of the securities law, along with sentences to jail and larger fines for executives who influences the financial statements. Sarbo x also leads to employee protection allowing those corporate fraud whistle blowers who report such activities to higher authorities ( Garfield Edelglass, 2011). MySAP ERP meets the implications The financial reporting processes of various organisations are influenced by IT systems. There are hardly any companies which manage their data manually, most of the companies now a days depend on electronic management of data, documents and key operational processes. The chief information officers of these organisations depends on the security, accuracy and reliability of the systems used. Enterprise Resource Programme is strongly imbedded in the process of initializing, processing and reporting of data that is financial in nature. The SOX and IT department work in a systematic way. The internal control report made by the management is required to be attested by the auditor and then filed to the higher authority. Most of the companies now a days maintain their accounts in a computer information system (Mulbert, 2010). The internal control systems of these are different from that of manual systems. The management should properly evaluate if the internal control systems related to ERP are adequate or not. In ERP the five factors as per the Committee of Sponsoring Organisations (COSO) framework are to be ensured. The components of internal control framework as defined by COSO framework include control environment, risk assessment, control activities information communication and monitoring (Gill, 2011). MySAP ERP is created based on the existing practices of the industry which meets and supports the needs of a company from automatic processes to compliance of laws to create a transparent control environment. It helps the companies to apply industry standards, internal controls which help them to carry on with the work more easily. It is requirement of SOX that the companies be faster, punctual, precise and transparent in their accounting practices and financial reporting. It also has an in built audit information system which facilitates the work of internal and external auditors and helps them with structured audit reviews. The system of MySAP ERP has preconfigured sets of reports and activities which assist the auditors to check if the company has made all compliances and helps them to find out gaps in reporting. The feature of MySAP ERP helps the internal and external auditors to perform their relevant audit checks in an arranged manner. Success and Failure of ERP implementations and reasons ERP system is the major system that reaches into all area of a business and its processes. ERP helps us to integrate all functions and departments across the whole of organisation into a single computer system which aims to provide assistance as per everyones need. It helps us to simplify the exchange of data and also facilitates the communication among all the departments and functions. Each process works independently, performing specific data processing functions (Weistroffer et. al, 2010). When an ERP is implemented in a successful manner, it binds all the areas of a company containing other management, marketing, finance, production and distribution with suppliers who are external and clients into a strong integrated system which provides shared data and transparency (Fowler, 2010). The potential benefits of ERP include drastic decrease in raw material costs, working capital, and information regarding the needs of a customer, along with the ability of an enterprise to forecast a nd accordingly arrange supplies, capital and other resources. The experts on information technology think that the failure of the application of ERP occurs more than they are expected to. Failure in application of ERP software is irrespective of size of the business, sector of industry, ownership, etc. The cost of these failures is billions of dollars every year (Grant et. al, 2006). One of the most successful application of ERP was at NESTLE, whose headquarters are at Switzerland. With the start of 21st century Nestle wanted to make use of its huge business and wanted to act like one. It thought that it required a system which could handle its scale of operations. For this, they got into a contract of $200million with SAP to make them an ERP system which could be used by 230,000 employees across 80 countries around the world. Over and above the amount of $200 million, Nestle also committed to pay $80 million for consulting, maintenance and upgrades (Fowler, 2010). The executives of the company realised that they required standardizing its business processes if it wanted to exist in the current completive market. It was estimated that it would take three years for the whole application of this software. After the application, though there were obstacles in the path, in 2002 one of the branches of Nestle claimed to have saved over $325 million. The major areas whe re the savings were noticed were in the supply chain movements, demand forecasting. Similarly in June 2000, one of the most famous brands of the worlds, NIKE reported a loss of $400 million in its newly implemented supply and demand software planning system. The company incorrectly ordered of certain kind of shoes whose demand did not exist much in the market, because of which there were huge inventory problems and overdue deliveries. Because of which $100 million were lost in sales and also the stock prices fell for almost 20%. The major causes for failure of this system were that the software was too slow. It failed to integrate properly with the processes of the organisation. It had various bugs and also the staffs were not provided with appropriate training (Porter, 2008). The major statistical reason behind the failure of this implementation was that the software did not fit the business model of NIKE. Later the company fixed the technical errors. It also discontinued the use of manual means on short and medium range planning. It moved the planning functions in to SAP, which shifted the focus from algorithms to transactions and lead to simplified integration of requirements. This lead to 8% increase in revenue because of leaner supply chain, less inventory and reduction of lead time. Conclusion Application of ERP in an organisation is not a childs play. It requires patience, definite business goals, re-engineering processes and practice to get a successful impletion of ERP. Also, the trending increase in fraud and failure of the management to report the true financial status of the company requires successful application of Sarbanes Oxley Act. Both the ERP and SOX can work together and provide an integrated platform to successful compliances by companies. If an organization wants to curtail risk and have a stronger grasp of the market then it needs ERP and SOX that aids in bringing a strong result. From the above discussion it is clear that ERP is the need of the hour and it benefits the users. In short, it aids in decision making process and lead to elimination of risk (Brain Marakas, 2009). Moreover, SOX has been a major landmark in the creating a strong governance that aims to provide clarity and transparency. It keeps the risks at bay. For an organization to perform ef fectively, it is essential that both SOX and ERP must be operated together. References Evan, F 2014, The 5 Ws of Information Security, viewed 27 May 2016, https://www.frsecure.com/the-5-ws-of-information-security/. Fryling, M 2010, Estimating the impact of enterprise resource planning project management decisions on post-implementation maintenance costs: a case study using simulation modeling, Enterprise Information Systems, vol.4, no. 4, pp. 391421. Gill, R 2011, The rise of two-tier ERP, Strategic Finance, vol. 93, no. 5, pp.35-40 Grant, D; Richard H; Nick W Christopher W 2006, The false promise of technological determinism: the case of enterprise resource planning systems, New Technology, Work Employment, vol. 21, no.1, pp. 215 Fowler, M 2010, Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture, Addison Wesley. Garfield, L. Edelglass, W 2011, The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy, Oxford University Press. Heeler, D 2009, Audit Principles, Risk Assessment Effective Reporting, Pearson Press. Manoharan, T.N 2011, Financial Statement Fraud and Corporate Governance, The George Washington University. Manoharan, T.N. 2011, Financial Statement Fraud and Corporate Governance, The George Washington University. Mulbert, P.O 2010, Corporate Governance of Banks after the Financial Crisis Theory, Evidence and Reforms, European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI), 1-40 Brien, J and Marakas, G 2009, Management Information Systems, McGraw-Hill. Porter, M 2008, Competitive Strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors, Free Press Siraj, S., Mikhailov, L. and Keane, J. A 2011, Priests: an interactive decision support tool to estimate priorities from pairwise comparison judgments, International Transactions in Operational Research, vol. 12, no.4, pp. 45-61 Weistroffer, H.R, Smith, C.H and Narula, SC 2010, Multiple criteria decision support software, Springer: Oxford University Press.

Sample Comparison Essay Topics

Sample Comparison Essay TopicsThere are hundreds of sample comparison essay topics available on the Internet. It's the most convenient way to search for the best sample assignment and learn how to write a good and suitable essay. The majority of these samples are free or only cost a couple of dollars, depending on the size of the sample and its purpose.Sample essay topics are similar to notes from the student's school. They help the student prepare for his or her final year assessment or admissions test. Many other students are searching for their first college essays, while others will be choosing a career after their studies. Having a few sample topics in hand is a great way to gather information about the sample assignment.Sample essay topics are written by instructors or professors. These individuals are assigned to take the students to the next level of academic achievements. This assignment gives students a chance to improve their writing skills, improve their reading and compr ehension skills, develop a better vocabulary, find out what would appeal to their audience, be creative, and get all kinds of information out of the topic. The format of the essay is also different depending on the type of students being tested. So, it is important that the essay is written in such a way that it will be accepted by the faculty member or teacher.It can be difficult to choose the right subject matter for the assignment. It is best to use an essay topic or topics which may interest students. These sample essay topics are written by the senior students in the college, and they are approved by the college.There are hundreds of sample comparison essay topics. Some are in newspaper style, but the most common are on a blog. These blog sites allow the students to earn points by giving out tips and knowledge. These topics are chosen because students will be submitting their essays to the web, in which blogs are commonly read by millions of people at any given time.The assignm ent can be easy or complicated, depending on the students' talent and skill. The student must learn to hone his or her writing skills, or the school will not accept the essay and thus lose the opportunity of learning and growing as a writer. These courses help the students understand the skills they need to master for completing this project, so that they will have an effective writing ability and an appealing essay.The most important thing about sample comparison essay topics is that they come with helpful tips that students can use when writing an essay. That is why they are used by students who have no formal education in writing, but would want to hone their writing skills.

The Ancient City Of Pompeii Is Best Known For Being Covered By An Erup

The ancient city of Pompeii is best known for being covered by an erupting volcano and being almost forgotten. From the time the city was rediscovered in the 1700s scientists and archeologists have managed to piece together evidence to show not just how people died but how they lived. We now know that before the eruption of Mt Vesuvius on August 24 79 AD Pompeii was a resort town. From the remains of Pompeii scholars have deducted the socioeconomic, religious and political life of Pompeii's last inhabitants. Pompeii was a city where women declared themselves the equal of men. Women could own land, operate businesses, be priestesses and were often educated. Despite these equalities Pompeiian women were still mostly owned by men and from birth knew their position. New born boys were placed at the father's feet while newborn girls were given straight to the nurse. Most girls were bought up by their mothers at home learning weaving and other domestic skills. Upper-class girls however were taught to read and write either at school or at home by slave tutors. It was believed by some that educated women made better wives and mothers. Literacy amongst the upper class (both women and men) was a symbol of status and respect. One of the most famous Pompeiian artifacts the fresco of the merchant Terentius Neo and his wife, depicts her holding a wax tablet and a stylus. Girls were considered grown up by the age of 14 when marriages were usually arranged by their family with the objective of uniting good families. At this time a woman would leave her father's ownership and become the property of her husband. As many women as possible were kept married and bearing children. Women were expected to be married by the age of 20 and it was law to remarry after the death of ones husband. As at this time in Roman history there were fewer females than males so women could marry and remarry with ease. A woman's major role was to be a good wife and mother. Motherhood was considered the esteemed occupation. In Pompeii women often entered into a business partnership with their husbands. They were allowed to keep profits themselves. It was common for a widow to take over her husband's business. Wives of traders and craftsmen often ran the front of the shop while their husbands made the products or dealt with other aspects of the business. Women could own property and could decide how to administer it. Julia Felix is an example of an independent woman who inherited a large fortune in her own right. Tablets found at Herculaneum (a smaller city destroyed by the same eruption) show that women could buy sell and lease but were not allowed to become bankers. Women in Pompeii worked in, owned and operated many of the taverns, inns and bars, which often served as brothels a topic I will cover later. (more detail) Archeologists have uncovered written evidence recording the role of women in the medical profession. These women's status was recognised by law and their fees were regulated. Many women worked in this profession as midwives, physicians and doctors. Records have also been found mentioning husband and wife medical teams. As Pompeii had a large foreign trade it is not suprising that women from the East came to Pompeii selling luxury items such as dyes, perfumes, clothes and food stuffs. Lower class women also worked in the trades. Some worked independently sewing and mending garments, while others worked as bakery assistants or in the fulling mills. However the status of these women was low like their pay rate. Like in most places female slaves existed in Pompeii. These women performed a wide range of tasks depending on the owner's needs. Apart from household duties some of these slave women operated as nannies or wet nurses while others managed their owner's businesses or worked as labourers. Wealthy women had their own personal attendants which was another duty of these slaves. Eumachia was Pompeii's most prominent woman . She came from a wealthy and respected family and rose to hold a position of unusual importance as a priestess. She was also patroness of the fuller's guild (cleaners, dyers and clothing makers).

Marketing plan for Unilever Company

Marketing plan for Unilever Company Purpose of the plan The purpose of this marketing plan will be to evaluate the existing retail market strategy for Unilever Company and compare it to the rivals’ strategies. The marketing plan will also be designed after investigating the current trends and developments existing in the retail sector.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Marketing plan for Unilever Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Situational Analysis Target market (of current products) The company products prices are easily affordable to all classes of customers since the company uses a value pricing strategy across all the regions where its branches are found. In terms of the products offered, the company boasts of a multi-brand system where the brand names are known by their positive reputation of being high quality products and thus easier to reach a higher market pool than the rivals(Jones 2002). Distribution network The company ha s a well established distribution network in the more than a 100 countries where the company has invested in. This is very helpful since it helps the customers in accessing company products. Competition The completion Unilever company is facing shall be analyzed in the porters 5 keys of competition (Porter 1988) The Threat from New Entrants: (Low) The products offered by Unilever such as the food and personal care require high capital investment to penetrate the market in relation to the established distribution channels which enables to compete effectively. With the company having branches in more than 100 countries and its ability to design its products according to the customers’ needs, reduces any notable threat from new market entrants. Threat of Substitutes (High) With the emphasis on health eating being at its prime, consumers have been turning to other alternatives such as low carbohydrate and calorie diets as a result making the substitutes threat very high. Bargaini ng Power of Suppliers (Low) This has been low due to the fact that Unilever has a very big and well known business unit, which cannot be forced to change (or influenced in any way in their decision making) by other suppliers.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bargaining Powers of Suppliers (High) The customers, especially those who live in the European Union region, keep on demanding new products and improved features and also diversity in the product prices offered. As a result, the company has been forced to develop new products such as the slimming products. Competition (High) The company faces high competition from companies such as the Novartis, Nestle and DANONE (Neff 2010). As a result, this has forced the company to restructure its program which was aimed at cutting the old portfolio of 1600 brands down to the major 400 core brands. The above rivals are producing similar products to what Unilever and hence the high competition. Financial conditions The company enjoys vast investments almost in every corner of the world as a result currently the financial conditions for Unilever can be described as stable External forces Political The company operates literally everywhere in the world both in the developed and the less developed economies where political situations are stable and chances of market interference by governments of the countries are very minimal thus they cannot control how Unilever markets its products. To reduce chances of political interference, the company uses its experience and goodwill to make contacts in many countries bargaining with the governments so as to modify the regulations and as a result, Unilever has gained political ground using its tactical strategy and experience helping in creation of favourable business environment and increasing their market share in the long run. Economic With the European coun tries under the umbrella of the European Union using one currency (the Euro), the whole of the European market has been transformed to a single market as a result this has led to an increased market for the company products. The single currency has also played a big role in stabilizing the inflation rates within the region and as a result Unilever Company enjoys stable prices throughout the region.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Marketing plan for Unilever Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technological The firm’s intention is not only to maximize wealth but also anticipates the aspirations of its consumers in order for them to respond creatively and competitively. As other firms automate their systems Unilever has not been left behind and of late the company has been putting much effort on research and development and also launching of modified products so as to satisfy all the stakeholders (Ide a Connection ND). This works well with ensuring the customers are aware of what content the products they buy from Unilever have thus creating reassurance that if the qualities of the good are overlooked, they can always contact the company offices and raise their issues. Summary of situational analysis (SWOT Table) Strengths Leads in most of the food products it offers in the market products such as soups, tea, and cream. Leads in producing and supplying frozen food products in Europe. Leads in producing and selling multiple brands. Possesses the art of producing customer made products that suit their customers completely. Observation and adherence to customers’ needs and desires. The company enjoys good diversity of nationalities as the company has invested almost everywhere in the world. The large range of the products ensures that the customers remain flocking all year out. The company’s liquid tablets for laundry purposes as well as fabric soft eners prevent lime scale when used in stem irons and this has been a major strong point. Increasing market share in the Latin America region, Africa and the Middle East regions. Weaknesses Slump demand from the American region. Company products: the frozen foods, prestige perfume and other household care have been underperforming way below the set targets. The lagging divisions have been affecting the sales growth for the Unilever 400 leading brands. Declining market share for the slim products as people become more health sensitive. Threats from other rivals such as Marks Spencer and Sainsbury (Emmo Dave 2007) Opportunities With consumers changing tastes, the company can change their market segments to a more health-conscious group especially women who can afford to buy the products. Opportunities for market development in the developing countries. They are also high penetrating opportunities in the Latin America region. Adoption of new technologies will aid in easier financial and customer management(IBM 2006) Threats Stiff competition from other rivals in the industry especially the DANONE, Marks and Spencer and also from Sainsbury. Consumer loss of confidence and trust in Unilever products. Many prefer reduced fats and exercises (Unilever 2011). The retailers (subsidiaries) don’t stock enough products (Clarke 2011) Segmentation, targeting, positioning Segmentation refers to the process of dividing a heterogeneous market and breaking it into smaller homogenous segments where members of a certain group correspond to certain needs. Targeting on the other hand is the identifiable group at which a company such as Unilever directs its efforts towards satisfying the clients (Wedel Kamakura 2000). Strategies have thus been developed for each target market by combining the four elements of marketing to make a successful market mix. The company has been targeting households for home care products as well as health sen sitive individuals. Positioning is usually determined in order for the customers to know where the product stands in relation to other rival products. Unilever has positioned themselves as foods and personal care producers with the company positioning itself as a high quality and pocket friendly products producing company. Marketing Strategy Corporate objectives To regain and control the market leadership for the next decade. Regain the stockholder as well as consumer confidence. To make the management more internationalized. Marketing Objectives To create sustainable profitable growth and value for shareholders by increasing the profits by 5% To boost the sales and the margins through a growth strategy by 7.5% To increase spending on advertising the 300 out of 400 core products by allocating marketing budget of 5000 million pounds To increase the market share and maintain leadership in the company’s core product by ensuring and creating customer loyalty and producing prod ucts which meet specific customers in the market. Financial Objectives Increase Unilever marketing funding by 50% over the next two financial years. Increase Unilever capital funding by 5% in next year’s budget and at least 5% each year after that. Societal Objectives To improve the society perception of our products To provide more healthy products in order to maintain our loyal customers To sponsors games and other sporting events in order to closer to our customers and know they feel about our products. Programs The company products touch the lives of many people throughout the world. In nutrition themes, Unilever has of late been recognized on helping their shoppers make a strong choice by enhancing the dietary quality of their products, through intensifying the consumer choice and offering vivid information to their customers.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The efforts have been witnessed in the past such as the introduction of the Nutrition Enhancement Program introduced in 2005 which has enhanced the company achieve the internationally accepted guidelines for nutrition content such as fats, salts and sugar content. With the Food and Agriculture Organization predicting increased populations of undernourished people, the company has in response introduced products which check into malnutrition problems for example the Rama/Blue Band which contains vitamins A and D and the Annapurna salt which is iodized reducing goitre related problems. Target market Marketing touches every aspect of an entrepreneur’s business operation. It is usually a series of activities designed to identify what the customers really want or are looking for in your good or service. The company will target both the middle and the lower classes by offering the products at low prices (Kleiner Adams 2003). Product Product is a bundle of benefits being delivered to meet the needs of our customers (Tronstad 1995). Product policies are concerned with what Unilever should do in their new product and brand development. Branding is part of the actual product and is usually an important issue when considering the product strategy. Branding is usually used to give company products unique identities and helps the marketer to differentiate their product from those of competitors (Rosenzweig 2000). Unilever will use this branding strategy because its name is already established worldwide. The launch costs of new products will be low and the brand loyal customers are likely to try the branded new products. Promotion Promotion entails all the tools we shall use in order to communicate with our customers. They include advertising, sales promotions, direct marketing and public relations among others. In all these, there exist two promotion strategies: the pull or the push strategy (Nitschke ND). Unilever will use the pull strategy whereby the company wil l promote its products to the final customers by encouraging them to buy. As a result, the consumers will be encouraged to demand the products from their intermediaries. Distribution Place simply refers to the means through which our product will reach the consumer (Kotler 2000). It involves the distribution activities which are necessary in getting a product to a customer. With the established distribution centres, Unilever will seek to introduce smaller branches within the countries where the company has introduced subsidiaries as well as introducing new market openings in new areas. Pricing Price is usually the amount our customers will be willing to pay in order to access our product this value comes along (Ellickson Misra 2006). In today’s market place, Unilever will continue using the high quality low price strategy to ensure that the company retains its market share. Financial plan (Determining) The marketing budget Projected costs, revenues and sales forecasts ite m Cost in US Dollars Material costs 2500000 labor costs 6500000 overhead costs 5200000 Advertising costs 350000 promotions 500000 Networking 100000 15150000 Anticipated profits After implementing the business plan, we expect that the company will make profits of 10 billion dollars in the first quarter though the operating costs are expected to increase and the economy to remain sluggish. Implementation Process Measures for measuring performance Using the balance score method, Unilever will be able to control four perspectives of marketing: from the financial perspective, if the company is to meet the objectives, it will be required to monitor and measure all the profits margin sales and other goals through management of the objectives. Thus, the company will be required to measure the profitability of its products according to the region. The desired increase in shareholders’ value will be easily measured through dividends. From the customer perspective, the critical success factors will be measured by making sure they observe the consumer satisfaction index and also by analyzing the problems presented by the consumers. The internal perspective to be measured is the efficiency: this will be done by controlling marketing aspects such as sales force efficiency as well as advertising efficiency. Finally, the last perspective which Unilever can check how the implementation is going on is though the strategic control; this will require the company taking the initiative to critically review the overall marketing and corporate objectives (Martin ND). Implementation procedure If the analysis of our market mixes strategies show that implementation of such measures will aid to the growth of the company, we shall then implement our marketing plan into two phases: Phase one will involve implementing our marketing plan in the European region where the market is stable compared to the other places in Africa, Latin America and Middle East regions. Af ter implementing it fully, if any modifications are required we shall then modify the marketing plan before we can implement it in the other regions. All implementation activities will be planned and scheduled by using a Gantt chart as this will help in monitoring and controlling what has been done and what will have remained (Bunin 2008) Market penetration To penetrate the new markets, Unilever will use the low pricing high quality strategy in order to attract the low class and middle classes in all the regions that the company has established its subsidiaries. To increase the volume of sales the company must ensure that the goods remain of high quality to ensure the customers continue deriving maximum utility. Market development Service program development The company also gives back to the society through its employees. They have introduced the (Lamplighter) program which permits its employees to gauge and track the important aspects of their health (such as blood pressure). In r eturn a healthy workforce for Unilever translates into more friendly and consumer engaged employees. Diversification The company has a wide range of frozen foods, tea, laundry soaps and ice creams among other products. It is also dedicated at providing its customers with the best information about food and nutrition in order to help them make sound decisions when purchasing the company products. About holding promotions, the company has been advertising fully in the internet due to the huge market pool it holds with much interest given on high quality and value. Another market aspect which Unilever has been able to use is the distribution system in which the company distributes its products through their intermediaries throughout the world in every location where their branches are located (Clarke 2011). Reference List Bunin, R.B. 2008. New Perspectives on Microsoft Project 2007: Introductory. London, Cengage Learning. Clarke, F. 2011. Unilever, Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Rio Ice Cream Wars . [Online] Available at: http://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/rio-business/unilever-and-nestle%E2%80%99s-rio-ice-cream-wars/ . Ellickson, P. B., Misra, S., 2006. Supermarket Pricing Strategies. [Online] Available at: gsb.stanford.edu/facseminars/pdfs/2006_11-17_Ellickson.pdf . Emmo, M., and Dave, D. 2007. Looking Good, Feeling Good and Getting More Out of Life. [Online] Available at: unilever.com/images/iv-icn09_Vitality-symposium-proceedings_tcm13-189850_tcm13-189850.pdf. Idea Connection. Not Dated. Unilever uses Collaboration to Develop Clean Water Solution. 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